Drawing inspiration from 20 years of sociological, theoretical and empirical research, in the field of sociology of school and higher education systems, this essay aims to take stock of the concepts, methodological choices and tools that can be mobilized to deal with the different dimensions that must be taken into account to investigate those fields. Sociology is a cultural product and as such is the object of a construction. Reflecting on this process, its objectives, the collection of data and the tools of inquiry is an integral part of the work of a reflexive and critical sociology.
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